Complex to Simple:
A
sentence characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent
clause is called a Complex sentence.
একটি
Complex sentence এ একটি
independent clause এবং কমপক্ষে
একটি dependent clause থাকে
।
Such
as, Although I was ill, I attended the meeting.
On
the other hand, a sentence characterized by only one independent clause and no
dependent clause is called a Simple sentence.
পক্ষান্তরে
একটি Simple sentence এ
একটি মাত্র
independent clause এবং কোনো
dependent clause থাকে না।
Such
as, In spite of my illness I attended the meeting.
The
rules for transforming complex sentences to simple sentences are discussed below.
Complex
sentence কে simple sentence এ
রূপান্তরিত করার
নিয়ম নিচে
বর্ণিত হলো
।
Rule 1:
When
the subject of two clauses of a complex sentence including since/as/when is
same and both clauses have the main verb, the simple sentence will follow this
formula: Verb+ing of 1st clause + the rest of the verb + comma +
subject of 1st clause + the rest.
যখন
since/as/when সহ complex sentence এর
দুটি clause এর
subject একই হয়
এবং উভয়
clause এর main verb থাকে,
তবে simple sentence এই
formula follow করবে: 1st clause এর
Verb+ ing + verb এর বাকি
অংশ + comma + 1st clause এর
subject + বাকি অংশ
।
Example:
Complex:
Since I was ill, I could not attend the meeting.
Simple:
Being ill, I could not attend the meeting.
Complex:
As I performed very well, I got the first prize.
Simple:
Performing very well, I got the first prize.
Complex:
When the criminal saw the police, he ran away.
Simple:
Seeing the police, the criminal ran away.
Exception:
Complex:
When the chicken curry arrived, we started having lunch.
Simple:
On the arrival of the chicken curry, we started having lunch.
Rule 2:
When
the subjects of two clauses of a complex sentence are different and have
am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had, the simple sentence will follow this rule:
Eliminate the since/as/when + replacing am/is/are/was/were use being or in
place of has/have/had used having + 2nd clause.
যখন
complex sentence এর দুটি
clause এর subject ভিন্ন
হয় এবং
am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had থাকে, তবে
simple sentence এই নিয়ম
follow করবে:
since/as/when
উঠিয়ে দেবে
+ am/is/are/was/were এর পরিবর্তে
being অথবা has/have/had এর
পরিবর্তে having ব্যবহার
করবে + ২য়
clause ।
Example:
Complex:
Since the weather was very bad, we did not start the journey.
Simple:
The weather being very bad, we did not start the journey.
Complex:
When the show was over, we came back home.
Simple:
The show being over, we came back home.
Rule 3:
When the subject of the two
clauses are the same, and the subordinate clause has be verb (am/ is/ are/ was/
were/ have/ has/ had), the simple sentence will follow this rule: Because of in
the place of since/as + the possessive form of the subject of 1st clause + being in
the place of (am/is/are/was/were) or having in the place of (has/have/had) +
the rest + comma + 2nd clause.
যখন দুটি
clause এর subject একই
হয় এবং
subordinate clause এর be verb (am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had)
থাকে, তবে
simple sentence এই নিয়ম
follow করবে:
since/as এর
পরিবর্তে because of+ ১ম
clause এর subject এর
possessive form + (am/is/are/was/were) এর
পরিবর্তে being অথবা
(has/have/had) এর পরিবর্তে
having ব্যবহার করবে
+ comma+ ২য় clause ।
Example:
Complex: Since he was ill, he could not
come.
Simple: Because being ill, he could not
come.
Complex: He was loved by all, as he had
honesty.
Simple: He was loved by all, because of
his having honesty.
Rule 4:
When a complex sentence has a relative pronoun, the simple sentence will follow this rule: From the beginning
up to the relative pronoun will be written + the relative pronoun will be
omitted+ the be verb will be omitted + the main verb + ing + the rest.
যখন complex sentence এ
relative pronoun থাকে, তখন
simple sentence এই নিয়ম
follow করবে:
প্রথম থেকে
relative pronoun পর্যন্ত লিখতে
হবে + relative pronoun উঠে
যাবে + be verb উঠে
যাবে + the main verb + ing + বাকি
অংশ ।
Example:
Complex: The doctor lived in a quarter
that belonged to the hospital.
Simple: The doctor lived in a quarter
belonging to the hospital.
Complex: A cow that is very strong can
plow this land.
Simple: A cow being very strong can
plow his land.
Complex: The students who study
seriously can get good marks.
Simple: The students studying seriously
can get good marks.
Rule 5:
If the complex sentence has
“when” which indicates estimate while transforming it into simple, when will be
omitted + subject and verb after when will be omitted + little time at/in+
season (if mentioned) + (if age is mentioned) at the age of+ the rest.
যদি complex sentence এ
“when” থাকে যা
সময়ের পরিমাপ
বোঝায় তবে
একে simple করার
সময়, when উঠে
যাবে+ when এর
পরের subject ও
verb উঠে যাবে
+ ছোট সময়
at/in + season (যদি উল্লেখ
থাকে) + age থাকলে
at the age of + বাকি অংশ।
Example:
Complex: When it was midnight, I was
awakened by the sound of construction.
Simple: At midnight I was awakened by
the sound of construction.
Complex: When it is summer, we can eat
different kinds of mango.
Simple: In the summer, we can eat different kinds of mango.
Complex: When he was six, he left the
country.
Simple: At the age of six, he left the
country.
But if the when doesn’t meantime
rather it means that something is going on, then At the time of + Verb+ ing +
the rest.
কিন্তু যদি
when সময় না
বুঝিয়ে কোন
কিছু ঘটছে
তা বোঝায়
তবে, At the time of + Verb+ ing + বাকি
অংশ, এই
নিয়ম ব্যবহার
হবে ।
Example:
Complex: When it was raining, we were
sitting in the coffee shop.
Simple: At the time of raining, we were
sitting in the coffee shop.
When the personal subject is used
in the subordinate clause, the simple sentence will use a possessive pronoun.
যখন subordinate clause
এ personal subject ব্যবহৃত
হয়, তখন a simple sentence, possessive pronoun ব্যবহার
করে ।
Example:
Complex: When they were studying, the
teacher came.
Simple: At the time of their studying,
the teacher came.
Complex: When I was having tea, she
came.
Simple: At the time of my having tea,
she came.
Rule
6:
To transform negative conditional
complex sentence having if, into a simple form, this rule is followed: Without+
Verb+ ing + 2nd clause.
Negative conditional complex
sentence যাতে if থাকে,
তা simple করতে
এই নিয়ম
ব্যবহার করা
হয়: Without+ Verb+ ing + ২য়
clause ।
Example:
Complex: If you do not struggle in life,
you cannot achieve your goal.
Simple: Without struggling in life, you
cannot achieve your goal.
Complex: If you do not study hard, you
will not get good marks in the exam.
Simple: Without studying hard, you will
not get good marks in the exam.
If the clause is affirmative then
by is used replacing without.
যদি clause টি
affirmative হয়, without এর
পরিবর্তে by ব্যবহৃত
হয় ।
Example:
Complex: If you work hard, you will get
promotion quickly.
Simple: By working hard, you will get
promotion quickly.
Rule 7:
If the complex sentence has “so
that”, the simple sentence will follow this rule:
From the beginning up to so will be
written + from “so that “up to may/might/can/could will be eliminated + to +
the rest of the sentence.
যদি complex sentence এ
“so that” থাকে তবে,
simple sentence এই নিয়ম
follow করবে: শুরু
থেকে so পর্যন্ত
লিখতে হবে
+ “so that “থেকে
may/might/can/could পর্যন্ত উঠে
যাবে + to + sentence এর
বাকি অংশ
।
Example:
Complex: The student studied hard
so that he could get good marks on the exam.
Simple: The student studied hard
to get good marks on the exam.
Complex: The singer is trying
hard so that she can get the national award.
Simple: The singer is trying hard
to get the national award.
Rule 8:
If the complex sentence has
“so……that” form, the simple sentence will follow this rule: too will be used in
the place of so + the same thing will be placed up to that + from that up to
not will be eliminated + to + the rest.
যদি complex sentence এ
“so……that” form থাকে তবে,
simple sentence এই নিয়ম
follow করবে:
so এর
জায়গায় too বসবে
+ that এর আগে
পর্যন্ত একই
জিনিস বসবে
+ that থেকে not পর্যন্ত
অংশ উঠে
যাবে + to + বাকি
অংশ।
Example:
Complex: He is so sick that he cannot
come.
Simple: He is too weak to come.
Rule 9:
When the complex sentence has though/although,
to transform it into simple form this rule will be followed: In spite of will
be used in the place of though /although + subject’s possessive form + being in
the place of am/is/are/was/were or having in the place of has/have/had or verb+
ing + the rest + the 2nd clause.
যখন complex sentence এ
though/although থাকে, একে
simple form এ নিতে
এই নিয়ম
follow করতে হয়:
Though/although এর
স্থানে In spite of ব্যবহার
হবে + subject এর
possessive form + am/is/are/was/were এর
স্থানে being অথবা
has/have/had এর স্থানে
having অথবা verb+ ing ব্যবহার
হবে + বাকি
অংশ + ২য়
clause ।
Example:
Complex: Though she was sick, she worked
very hard.
Simple: In spite of her being sick, she
worked very hard.
Complex: Although he has a lot of books,
he wants to buy more.
Simple: In spite of his having a lot of
books, he wants to buy more.