Rules
on passage narration
Rule-1: Reported
speech-এর মধ্যে কোনো ব্যক্তি বা প্রাণীর নাম ধরে ডাকার ব্যবহার থাকলে তা reporting verb এর সঙ্গে সংযুক্ত হবে। যেমন:
a) He said, ‘Sheba, do not
quarrel.'
Answer: He forbade Sheba to quarrel.
b) They said, ‘Heru, you will attend the meeting.’
Answer: They said to Heru that he would attend the meeting.
c) Kamal said, ‘Nizam, do you know
me?’
Answer: Kamal asked Nizam if he knew him.
d) ‘Where did you go yesterday, Shuli ?’ said Apu.
Answer: Apu asked Shuli where she had gone the previous day.
e) She said, ‘Will you go to college, Apurba?’
Answer: She asked Apurba if he would go to college.
Rule-2: Reporting
verb-টি
মাঝে
বা
শেষে
থাকলেও indirect করার সময় তাকে sentence-এর শুরুতে নিয়ে আসতে হবে। যেমন:
a) ‘You look a little bit like my mother’, Jerry said to the authoress,
‘Especially in the dark by the fire.’
Answer: Jerry said to the authoress that she looked a little bit like his
mother especially in the dark by the fire.
b) ‘Follow my example,’ she said to me, ‘and never eat more than one thing for
luncheon.’
Answer: She advised me to follow her example and never to eat more than one
thing for luncheon.
c) ‘I have made a terrible mistake,’ said the man, ‘I have forgotten to pay my
exam fee’.
Answer: The man said that he had made a terrible mistake and added that he had
forgotten to pay his exam
fee.
d) ‘You will come to college regularly,’ the teacher said to the students,
‘otherwise, you will not understand it.’
Answer: The teacher said to the students that they would go to college
regularly, otherwise, they would not understand it.
Rule-3: পরপর দুটি উক্তি থাকলে also said/and
added/also asked হয়। কিন্তু ৩টি উক্তি থাকলে also added /further added/again said ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হয়। যেমন:
a) Jerry said, ‘I can chop some wood today. I shall come again tomorrow’.
Answer: Jerry said that he could chop some wood that day and added that he
would go again the next day.
b) She said to me, ‘What is your name. Where do you live?’
Answer: She asked me what my name was and also asked where I lived.
c) He said to us, ‘I came here yesterday. I will go to Sirajgonj tomorrow.’
Answer: He said to us that he had gone there the previous day and added that he
would go to Sirajgonj
the next day.
d) The man said to me, ‘I will come here tomorrow. I will finish this work as
soon as possible.’
Answer: The man said to me that he would go there the next day and added that
he would finish that work
as soon as possible.
Rule-4: Yes/no
থাকলে যথাক্রমে replied in the affirmative that এবং replied in the
negative that ব্যবহার করতে হয়। যেমন:
a) ‘Yes, I have finished reading the book,’ I replied.
Answer: I replied in the affirmative that I had finished reading the book.
b) She said, ‘No, I have not seen him today.’
Answer: She replied in the negative that she had not seen him that day.
c) Jhumu said to Mitu, ‘Are you going to Pabna tomorrow?’ ‘No, I have changed
my decision,’ said Mitu.
Answer: Jhumu asked Mitu if she was going to Pabna the next day. Mitu replied
in the negative that she had changed her decision.
d) The man said to his son, ‘Are you ill.’ ‘No, I am not ill,’ replied the son.
Answer: The man asked his son if he was ill. The son replied in the negative
that he was not ill.
Rule-5: Sir/Madam-থাকলে respectfully ব্যবহার করতে হয়। যেমন:
a) ‘Yes, sir,’ she replied, ‘I have done my duty.’
Answer: She respectfully replied in the affirmative that she had done her duty.
b) Looking at my hands the beggar said, ‘Madam, please give me your cardigan.’
Answer: Looking at my hands the beggar respectfully requested me to give him my
cardigan.
c) The student replied, ‘No, I have not learnt my lessons today, Sir.’
Answer: The student respectfully replied in the negative that he had not learnt
his lessons that day.
d) The man said, ‘Yes, Madam, I have completed the work.’
Answer: The man respectfully replied in the affirmative that he had completed
the work.
Rule-6: যদি কাউকে address করা হয় তবে addressing as
brother/ sister/ friend দিয়ে শুরু করতে হয়। যেমন:
a) ‘Are you hungry, brothers?’ said the wise king.
Answer: Addressing as brother the wise king asked if they were hungry.
b) The captain said, ‘My friends, be always ready to face our enemy.’
Answer: Addressing as friend the captain ordered them to be always ready to
face their enemy.
c) ‘Dear friends,’ the patriot said, ‘listen to me.’
Answer: Addressing as dear friend the patriot advised to listen to him.
Rule-7: by Allah/by
God ইত্যাদি থাকলে swearing by Allah/swearing by God ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হয়। যেমন:
a) ‘By Allah,’ he replied, ‘I will not leave this house.’
Answer: Swearing by Allah he replied that he would not leave that house.
Answer: Swearing by God she replied that she would not go to London.
c) ‘By Allah, we will play in this field,’ the boys said.
Answer: Swearing by Allah the boys said that they would play in that field.
d) She said, ‘By Jove, I will come here tomorrow.’
Answer: Swearing by Jove she said that she would go there the next day.
Rule-8: Present participle অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় শুরুতে বসে। যেমন:
a) ‘Are you brothers?’ asked the mistress of the house, turning to the dervishes.
Answer: Turning to the dervishes the mistress of the house asked if they were brothers.
b) ‘Why have you come here?’ said Mr. Kamal, turning to the stranger.
Answer: Turning to the stranger Mr. Kamal asked why he had gone there.
c) ‘Why have you not learnt your lessons?’ the teacher asked the students coming to the class.
Answer: Coming to the class the teacher asked the students why they have not learnt their lessons.